I. Kuyini Ukugaya Okuphakelayo Okuphezulu?
Ukugaya Okuphakelayo Okuphezulu (okufushanisiwe ngokuthi i-HFM) isu lokugaya elithuthukisiwe kumishini yesimanje ye-CNC. Isici sayo esiyinhloko "ukujula okuncane kokusika kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokudla". Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokugaya ezivamile, lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ukujula okuncane kakhulu kwe-axial cutting (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.1 kuya ku-2.0 mm) kanye nezinga lokuphakela kwezinyo eliphezulu kakhulu (kufika izikhathi ezingu-5-10 kunelokugaya ngokwendabuko), kuhlanganiswe nesivinini esiphezulu sokuphotha, ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokuphakelayo elimangalisayo.
Imvelo yoguquko yalo mqondo wokucubungula ilele ekuguquleni kwayo okuphelele kwesiqondiso samandla okusika, ukuguqula amandla e-radial ayingozi akhiqizwa ekugayweni kwendabuko abe amandla e-axial anenzuzo, ngaleyo ndlela enze ukucutshungulwa kwesivinini esikhulu nokusebenza kahle kwenzeke. Ikhanda lokugaya ukudla okusheshayo liyithuluzi elikhethekile elakhelwe ukusebenzisa leli su futhi seliyithuluzi lokucubungula elibalulekile ekukhiqizeni isikhunta sesimanje, i-aerospace, nezimboni zezimoto, phakathi kokunye.
II. Umgomo Wokusebenza weI-High-Feed Milling Cutter
Imfihlo ngemuva komsiki wokugaya ukudla okuphezulu ilele ekwakhiweni kwayo okuhlukile kwe-engeli eyinhloko. Ngokungafani nabasiki besiko bokugaya abane-engeli eyinhloko engu-45° noma engu-90°, inhloko yokusika esheshayo yokudla ngokuvamile ithatha i-engeli encane engu-10° ukuya ku-30°. Lolu shintsho ku-geometry lushintsha ngokuyisisekelo isiqondiso samandla okusika.
Inqubo yokuguqulwa komshini: Lapho i-blade ihlangana nocezu lokusebenza, idizayini encane ye-rake angle eyinhloko yenza amandla okusika akhombe ngokuyinhloko ku-axial direction (ehambisana ne-eksisi yomzimba wethuluzi) esikhundleni sokuqondiswa kwe-radial (perpendicular to axis) njengasekugayweni okuvamile. Lolu shintsho luholela emiphumeleni emithathu ebalulekile:
1. Umphumela wokucindezela ukudlidliza: Amandla amakhulu e-axial adonsela i-cutter disc "ebheke" ku-shaft eyinhloko, okwenza ithuluzi lokusika - isistimu ye-shaft eyinhloko ibe sesimweni esishubile. Lokhu kucindezela ngempumelelo ukudlidliza kanye ne-flutter, kuvumela ukusika okushelelayo ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinkulu ze-overhang.
2. Umphumela wokuvikela umshini: Amandla e-axial athwalwa yi-thrust bear ye-shaft eyinhloko yomshini. Umthamo wayo wokuthwala uphakeme kakhulu kunalowo wama-radial bearings, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa umonakalo ku-shaft eyinhloko futhi andise isikhathi sokuphila semishini.
3. Umthelela wokuthuthukisa okuphakelayo: Iqeda imikhawulo yokudlidliza, ivumela ithuluzi ukuthi liphathe amazinga okuphakela aphezulu kakhulu ngezinyo ngalinye. Isivinini sokuphakela singafinyelela izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 kunezokugaya okuvamile, ngesivinini esiphezulu esifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-20,000 mm/min.
Lo mklamo womshini wobuhlakani uvumela inhloko yokugaya ukudla okusheshayo ukuthi igcine izinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwensimbi kuyilapho inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukundindizela okusikayo, ibeka isisekelo sokucutshungulwa kwendawo ephezulu yekhwalithi.
III. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko kanye Nezimpawu ze-I-High-Feed Milling Cutter
1. Ukucutshungulwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu: Inzuzo ephawuleka kakhulu ye-high feed cutter yokugaya izinga layo elivelele lokususwa kwensimbi (MRR). Nakuba ukujula kwe-axial cutting kuncane kakhulu, isivinini sokuphakela esiphezulu kakhulu sinxephezela ngokuphelele lokhu kuntuleka. Isibonelo, lapho umshini wokugaya ovamile we-gantry usebenzisa inhloko yokugaya esheshayo ukuze ucubungule insimbi yamathuluzi, isivinini sokuphakela singafinyelela ku-4,500 - 6,000 mm/min, futhi izinga lokususa insimbi liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 - 3 kunelo labasiki bendabuko bokugaya.
2. Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu: Ngenxa yenqubo yokusika ebushelelezi kakhulu, ukugaya okuphakelayo okusheshayo kungafinyelela isiphetho esihle kakhulu, ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-Ra0.8μm noma ngaphezulu. Ezimweni eziningi, izindawo ezicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa amakhanda okugaya ukudla okusheshayo angasetshenziswa ngokuqondile, aqede inqubo yokuqeda kancane futhi afinyeze kakhulu inqubo yokukhiqiza.
3. Umthelela omangalisayo wokonga amandla: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okugaya okusheshayo kuphansi ngo-30% kuya ku-40% kunalokho kokugaya okujwayelekile. Amandla okusika asetshenziswa ngokuyikho ukuze asuse izinto esikhundleni sokudliwa ngokudlidliza kwethuluzi nomshini, kuzuzwe ukucutshungulwa okuluhlaza kwangempela.
4. Ingakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yesistimu yamathuluzi: Inqubo yokusika ebushelelezi inciphisa umthelela nokugqoka ithuluzi, futhi impilo yamathuluzi inganyuswa ngaphezu kuka-50%. Isici samandla erediyali ephansi siphinde sehlise umthwalo ku-spindle yethuluzi lomshini, siyenze ifaneleke kakhulu imishini emidala enokuqina okunganele noma ezimeni zokucubungula ze-span enkulu.
5. Izinzuzo zokucubungula izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincanyana: Amandla eradial amancane kakhulu enza isinqamuli sokudla esiphezulu sibe yinketho ekahle yokucubungula izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane nezigogeke kalula (njengezingxenye zesakhiwo se-aerospace, izingxenye zesikhunta somzimba wezimoto). I-deformation ye-workpiece iyancipha ngo-60% -70% uma kuqhathaniswa nokugaya kwendabuko.
Ireferensi yamapharamitha ajwayelekile wokucubungula we-high feed milling cutter:
Lapho usebenzisa i-high feed cutter yokugaya enobubanzi obungu-50mm futhi ifakwe izindwani ezi-5 zomshini wensimbi yensimbi ye-P20 (HRC30):
Isivinini se-spindle: 1,200 rpm
Izinga lokuphakelayo: 4,200 mm/min
Ukujula kokusika kwe-axial: 1.2mm
Ukujula kokusika kwe-Radial: 25mm (okuphakelayo okuseceleni)
Izinga lokususa insimbi: Kufika ku-126 cm³/min
IV. Isifinyezo
Umsiki wokugaya ukudla okuphezulu akulona nje ithuluzi; imele umqondo wokucubungula oseqophelweni eliphezulu. Ngokuklama kwemishini ehlakaniphile, iguqula imibi yokusika amandla ibe yizinzuzo, izuze inhlanganisela ephelele yejubane eliphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokucubungula okuphezulu ngokunemba. Kumabhizinisi okucubungula imishini abhekene nengcindezi yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi ahlangabezane nezimfuneko zokucubungula zekhwalithi ephezulu, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kobuchwepheshe bekhanda lokugaya ukudla okusheshayo kuwukukhetha okuyisu lokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-CNC, izinto zamathuluzi kanye nesofthiwe ye-CAM, ubuchwepheshe bokugaya ukudla okusheshayo buzoqhubeka nokuvela, bunikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe ekuguquleni okuhlakaniphile nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza. Ngokushesha faka ikhanda lokusika elisheshayo enqubweni yakho yokukhiqiza futhi uzwe umphumela oguqukayo wokucubungula kahle!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2025
